{"product_id":"birthright-citizenship-to-be-or-not-to-be-pdf","title":"Birthright Citizenship: To Be or Not To Be (PDF)","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 112%; margin: 7.85pt 0in 7.85pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003ca name=\"birthright_citizenship_statutory_42c9e0\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 19.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-hansi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; color: black;\"\u003eSwamp Creatures: Judiciary \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 15.75pt 0in 5.25pt -1.5pt;\"\u003e\u003ca name=\"a_text_and_history_analysis_exclu_9d19cf\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-hansi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; color: black;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-hansi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; color: black;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-hansi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; color: black;\"\u003eThe debate over birthright citizenship reduces to a single textual question: what does the phrase \"subject to the jurisdiction thereof\" mean in the 14th Amendment's Citizenship Clause? Both sides claim the answer lies in the same primary materials — the constitutional text, predecessor statutes, legislative debates, and subsequent acts of Congress. What follows is a structured presentation of those primary sources, leaving judicial opinions entirely aside.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-no-proof: yes;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-hansi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; color: black;\"\u003eThe operative text, as it appears in the enrolled act recorded by the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/14th-amendment\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'helvetica neue',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'helvetica neue'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'helvetica neue'; color: windowtext;\"\u003eNational Archives\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-hansi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; color: black;\"\u003e and reproduced verbatim on \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/constitution\/amendment-14\/\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'helvetica neue',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'helvetica neue'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'helvetica neue'; color: windowtext;\"\u003eCongress.gov\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-hansi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; color: black;\"\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10.5pt 31.5pt;\"\u003e\u003ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia; mso-hansi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; color: black;\"\u003e\"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.\"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Joe Kidd's Online Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51663684075808,"sku":null,"price":4.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1003\/1779\/0496\/files\/birthrights.jpg?v=1778866662","url":"https:\/\/joe-kidds-online-store.myshopify.com\/products\/birthright-citizenship-to-be-or-not-to-be-pdf","provider":"Joe Kidd's Online Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}